Scientific Publications - Comet Research Group

The selected references below present evidence (both pro and con) about the Younger Dryas Boundary (YDB) impact event 12,800 years ago, about impact-related population changes, and/or about climate change at the beginning of the Younger Dryas episode.

Publications about the Younger Dryas Impact Event

The following is a selection of the many scientific publications relating to the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. We have included publications in support of our central hypothesis, as well as publications in disagreement. We list them here for informational purposes. Click here for a more up-to-date, comprehensive bibliography.

IMPORTANT: listing papers here does not imply that we agree with the conclusions of papers not published by members of the Comet Research Group.

Citation and Link	Position	Available for Immediate Download
Firestone, R.B.; West, A.; Kennett, J.P.; Becker, L.; Bunch, T.E.; Revay, Z.S.; Schultz, P.H.; Belgya, T.; Kennett, D.J.; Erlandson, J.M.; Dickenson, O.J.; Goodyear, A.C.; Harris, R.S.; Howard, G.A.; Kloosterman, J.B.; Lechler, P.; Mayewski, P.A.; Montgomery, J.; Poreda, R.; Darrah, T.; Hee, S.S.Que.; Smith, A.R.; Stich, A.; Topping, W.; Wittke, J.H.; Wolbach, W.S., (2007) Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(41):16016–16021.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Haynes CV, Jr (2008) Younger Dryas “black mats” and the Rancholabrean termination in North America. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105(18):6520–6525.	Against impact	Yes, click here.
Kennett, Douglas J.; Kennett, James P.; West, Allen; West, G. James; Bunch, Ted E.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Erlandson, Jon M.; Hee, Shane S. Que; Johnson, John R.; Mercer, Chris; Shen, Feng; Sellers, Marilee; Stafford, Thomas W., Jr.; Stich, Adrienne; Weaver, James C.; Wittke, James H.; Wolbach, Wendy S, (2009) Shock-synthesized hexagonal diamonds in Younger Dryas boundary Sediments. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106 (31):12623–12628.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Israde-Alcántara, Isabel; Bischoff, James L.; Domínguez-Vázquez, Gabriela; Li, Hong-Chun; DeCarli, Paul S.; Bunch, Ted E.; Wittke, James H.; Weaver, James C.; Firestone, Richard B.; West, Allen; Kennett, James P.; Mercer, Chris; Xie, Sujing; Richman, Erik K.; Kinzie, Charles R.; Wolbach, Wendy S., (2012) Evidence from central Mexico supporting the Younger Dryas extraterrestrial impact hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(13):E738–E747.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Bunch, Ted E.; Hermes, Robert E.; Moore, Andrew M.T.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Weaver, James C.; Wittke, James H.; DeCarli, Paul S.; Bischoff, James L.; Hillman, Gordon C.; Howard, George A.; Kimbel, David R.; Kletetschka, Gunther; Lipo, Carl P.; Sakai, Sachiko; Revay, Zsolt; West, Allen; Firestone, Richard B.; Kennett, James P., (2012) Very high-temperature impact melt products as evidence for cosmic airbursts and impacts 12,900 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(28):11066–11067.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Goodyear, Albert C.; Demitroff, Mark N.; Batchelor, Dale; Vogel, Edward K.; Mooney, Charles; Rock, Barrett N.; Seidel, Alfred W., (2012) Independent evaluation of conflicting microspherule results from different investigations of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106: doi: 10.1073/pnas.1208603109.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Wittke, James H.; Weaver, James C.; Bunch, Ted E.; Kennett, James P.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Moore, Andrew M.T.; Hillman, Gordon C.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.; Goodyear, Albert C.; Moore, Christopher R.; Daniel, I. Randolph, Jr.; Ray, Jack H.; Lopinot, Neal H.; Ferraro, David; Israde-Alcántara, Isabel; Bischoff, James L.; DeCarli, Paul S.; Hermes, Robert E.; Kloosterman, Johan B.; Revay, Zsolt; Howard, George A.; Kimbel, David R.; Kletetschka, Gunther; Nabelek, Ladislav; Lipo, Carl P.; Sakai, Sachiko; West, Allen; Firestone, Richard B., (2013) Evidence for deposition of 10 million tonnes of cosmic impact spherules across four continents 12,800 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110(23):E2088–E2097.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Wu Y, Sharma M, LeCompte MA, Demitroff M, Landis J (2013) Origin and provenance of spherules and magnetic grains at the Younger Dryas boundary. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 110:38 E3557-3566.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Bement, Leland C.; Madden, Andrew S.; Carter, Brian J.; Simms, Alexander R.; Swindle, Andrew L.; Alexander, Hanna M.; Fine, Scott; Benamara, Mourad., (2014) Quantifying the Distribution of Nanodiamonds in Pre-Younger Dryas to Recent Age Deposits along Bull creek, Oklahoma Panhandle, USA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 11(5):1726-31.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kennett, James P.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Emili Aura Tortosa, J.; Bischoff, James L.; Bunch, Ted E.; Daniel, I. Randolph, Jr.; Erlandson, Jon M.; Ferraro, David; Firestone, Richard B.; Goodyear, Albert C.; Israde-Alcántara, Isabel; Johnson, John R.; Jordá Pardo, Jesús F.; Kimbel, David R.; LeCompte, Malcolm A.; Lopinot, Neal H.; Mahaney, William C.; Moore, Andrew M.T.; Moore, Christopher R.; Ray, Jack H.; Stafford, Thomas W., Jr.; Barnett Tankersley, Kenneth; Wittke, James H.; Wolbach, Wendy S.; West, Allen., (2015) Bayesian chronological analyses consistent with synchronous age of 12,835–12,735 Cal B.P. for Younger Dryas boundary on four continents. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015 Aug 27;112:32 E4344-53.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Anderson DG, Goodyear AC, Kennett J, West A (2011) Multiple lines of evidence for possible human population decline/settlement reorganization during the early Younger Dryas. Quat Internatl 242(2):570–583.	Supports impact
Andronikov AV, Lauretta DS, Andronikva IE, Maxwell RJ. (2011) On the possibility of a late Pleistocene, extraterrestrial impact: LA-ICP-MS Analysis of the Black Mat and Usselo Horizon Samples, Abstract for a poster presented at the 74th Meteoritical Society Meeting, held in London U.K., August 8-12, 2011.	Supports impact
Andronikov, A. V., D. A. Subetto, D. S. Lauretta, I.E. Andronikova, D. A. Drosenko, D.D. Kuznetsov, T. V. Sapelko, L. S. Syrykh, In search for fingerprints of an extraterrestrial event: Trace element characteristics of sediments from the lake Medvedevskoye (Karelian Isthmus, Russia) Doklady Earth Sciences 457:819–823 (2014).	Supports impact
Andronikov, A. V., E. Rudnickait, D. S. Lauretta, I. E. Andronikova, D. Kaminskas, P. Sinkunas, M. Melesyte, Geochemical evidence of the presence of volcanic and meteoritic materials in Late Pleistocene lake sediments of Lithuania. Quaternary International 386:1–12 (2015).	Supports impact
Anronikov, A. V., I. E. Andronikova, C. W. Loehn, B. Lafuente, J. A. M. Ballenger, G. T. Crawford, D. S. Lauretta, Implications from chemical, structural and mineralogical studies of magnetic microspherules from around the lower Younger Dryas boundary (New Mexico, USA). Geograﬁska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 98:1–21 (2016).	Supports impact
Baker DW, Miranda PJ, Gibbs KE. (2008) Montana Evidence for Extra-Terrestrial Impact Event That Caused Ice-Age Mammal Die-Off. American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2008, abstract #P41A-05.	Supports impact
Ballard JP, Lowell TV. (2009) A Lateglacial Paleofire Record for east-central Michigan focusing on the Gainey archaeological site. Geological Society America, North Central, Rockford, Illinois.	Supports impact
Becker L, Poreda R, Kennett JP, West A, Wolbach W. (2007) The End Pleistocene Extinction Event: What Caused It? American Geophysical Union, Spring Meeting 2007, abstract #PP41A-03.	Supports impact
Beets C, Sharma M, Kasse K, Bohncke S. (2008) Search for Extraterrestrial Osmium at the Allerod - Younger Dryas Boundary. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2008, abstract #V53A-2150.	Supports impact
Daniel IR, Jr (2002) Stratified early-middle Holocene remains in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Southeast Archaeol Conf Spec Pub 7:6–11.	Supports impact
Daniel IR, Jr, Moore CR (2011) Current research into the Paleoindian and Archaic periods in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. The Archaeology of North Carolina: Three Archaeological Symposia, eds Ewen CR, Whyte T, Davis RPS, Jr (North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication No 30), pp 93–117.	Supports impact
Daniel IR, Jr, Seramur KC, Potts TL, Jorgenson MW (2008) Searching a sand dune: shovel testing the Barber Creek site. N Carolina Archaeol 57:50–77.	Supports impact
Erlandson, Jon M.; Kennett, Douglas J.; Lynningram, B.; Guthrie, Daniel A.; Morris, Don P.; Tveskov, Mark A.G.; West, James; Walker, Phillip L., (1996) An archaeological and paleontological chronology for Daisy Cave (CA-SMI-261), San Miguel Island, California. Radiocarbon 38(2):355–373.	Supports impact
Fayek M, Anovitz LM, Allard LF, Hull S. (2012) Framboidal iron oxide: chondrite-like material from the black mat, Murray Springs, Arizona. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 319-320: 251-258.	Supports impact
Firestone RB. (2009) The Case for the Younger Dryas Extraterrestrial Impact Event: Mammoth, Megafauna, and Clovis Extinction, 12,900 Years Ago. Journal of Cosmology (journalofcosmology.com)	Supports impact
Firestone, Richard B.; West, Allen; Revay, Zsolt; Hagstrum, Jonathan T.; Belgya, Tamas; Smith, Alan R.; Que Hee; Shane S., (2010) Analysis of the Younger Dryas impact layer. Eng Techn 1(3):30–62.	Supports impact
Ge T, Courty MM, Guichard F (2009) Field-Analytical approach of land-sea records for elucidating the Younger Dryas Boundary syndrome. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #PP31D-1390.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC (1999) The early Holocene occupation of the southeastern United States: A geoarchaeological summary. Ice Age Peoples of North America, eds Bonnichsen R, Turnmire K (Center for the Study of the First Americans, Corvallis, OR), pp 432–481.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC (2005) Evidence of Pre-Clovis sites in the eastern United States. Paleoamerican Origins: Beyond Clovis, eds Bonnichsen R, Lepper BT, Stanford D, Waters MR (Center for the Study of the First Americans, College Station, TX), pp 103–112.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC (2006) Recognizing the Redstone fluted point in the South Carolina Paleoindian point data base. Curr Res Pleist 23:100–103.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC (2010) Instrument-assisted fluting as a technochronological marker among North American Paleoindian points. Curr Res Pleist 2:86–88.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC (2013) Update on the 2012–2013 activities of the Southeastern Paleoamerican Survey. Legacy 17(1) (Newsletter, South Carolina Institute of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC).	Supports impact
Goodyear AC, Miller S, Smallwood S (2007) Introducing Clovis at the Topper site, 38AL23, Allendale County, South Carolina. Paper presented at the 72nd annual meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Austin, TX.	Supports impact
Goodyear AC, Steffy K (2003) Evidence of a Clovis occupation at the Topper site, 38AL23, Allendale County, South Carolina. Curr Res Pleist 20:23–25.	Supports impact
Kennett JP, Ingram BL (1995) A 20,000 year record of ocean circulation and climate change from the Santa Barbara Basin. Nature 377:510-514.	Supports impact
Kennett, D.J.; Kennett, J.P.; West, A.; Mercer, C.; Hee, S.S. Que; Bement, L.; Bunch, T.E.; Sellers, M.; Wolbach, W.S., (2009) Nanodiamonds in the Younger Dryas boundary sediment layer. Science 323(5910):94.	Supports impact
Kennett, D.J.; Kennett, J.P.; West, G.J.; Erlandson, J.M.; Johnson, J.R.; Hendy, I.L.; West, A.; Culleton, B.J.; Jones, T.L.; Stafford, Thomas W. Jr., (2008) Wildfire and abrupt ecosystem disruption on California’s Northern Channel Islands at the Ållerød–Younger Dryas boundary (13.0–12.9 ka). Quat Sci Rev 27(27–28):2530–2545.	Supports impact
Kinzie, Charles R.; Que Hee, Shane S.; Stich, Adrienne; Tague, Kevin A.; Mercer, Chris; Razink, Joshua J.; Kennett, Douglas J.; DeCarli, Paul S.; Bunch, Ted E.; Wittke, James H.; Israde-Alcántara, Isabel; Bischoff, James L.; Goodyear, Albert C.; Tankersley, Kenneth B.; Kimbel, David R.; Culleton, Brendan J.; Erlandson, Jon M.; Stafford, Thomas W.; Kloosterman, Johan B.; Moore, Andrew M.T.; Firestone, Richard B.; Aura Tortosa, J.E.; Jordá Pardo, J.F.; West, Allen; Kennett, James P.; Wolbach, Wendy S., (2014) Nanodiamond-rich layer across three continents consistent with major cosmic impact at 12,800 cal BP. J Geol 122(5):475–506.	Supports impact
Kloosterman JB (1999) The Usselo Horizon, a worldwide charcoal- rich layer of Ållerød age. New Scenarios on the Evolution of the Solar System and Consequences in History of Earth and Man, eds. Spedicato E, Notarpietro A. Milano, IT.	Supports impact
Kloosterman JB (2007) Correlation of the Late Pleistocene Usselo Horizon (Europe) and the Clovis Layer (North America). Poster Paper PP43A-02 presented at the joint assembly of the American Geophysical Union, Acapulco, MX.	Supports impact
Kobres, Bob (1997) Some considerations with regard to large comets: A major difference in possible damage to the biosphere across the potential physical size range of Earth-orbit-crossing objects— University of Georgia.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kobres, Bob (1996) The mighty snake firmly resolved to harm the men. University of Georgia.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kobres, Bob (1993) Comet Phaethon's Ride [A condensed version of this article titled, The Path of a Comet and Phaethon's Ride, was published by The World & I (ISSN 0887-9346) Vol. 10, No. 2 (Feb. 95) pp. 394-405.] University of Georgia.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kobres, Bob (1991) A Nickel Pickle. The Problems of Building High-Tech From a Meteoroid Wreck. University of Georgia.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kobres, Bob (1988) Discussion (comets, dragons, sky-gods, Younger Dryas, mega fauna, and the Carolina Bays). University of Georgia.	Supports impact	Yes, click here.
Kurbatov, A.V.; Mayewski, P.A.; Steffensen, J.P.; West, A.; D.J., Kennett, J.P.; Bunch, Kennett, T.E.; Handley, M.; Introne, D.S.; Que Hee, S.S.; Mercer, C.; Sellers, M.; Shen, F.; Sneed, S.B.; Weaver, J.C.; Wittke, J.H.; Stafford, T.W.; Donovan, J.J.; Xie, S.; Razink, J.J. Jr.; Stich, A.; Kinzie, C.R.; Wolbach., W.S.; (2011) Discovery of a nanodiamond-rich layer in the Greenland ice sheet. Journal of Glaciology 56: 749-759.	Supports impact
Mahaney WC and Krinsley D. (2012) Extreme heating events and effects in the natural environment: Implications for environmental geomorphology. Geomorphology 139–140: 348–359.	Supports impact
Mahaney WC, Keiser L (2012) Weathering rinds—unlikely host clasts for an impact-induced event. Geomorph 184:74–83.	Supports impact
Mahaney WC, Krinsley D (2012) Extreme heating events and effects in the natural environment: implications for environmental geomorphology. Geomorph 139–140:348–359.	Supports impact
Mahaney WC, Krinsley D, Kalm V (2010) Evidence for a cosmogenic origin of fired glaciofluvial beds in the northwestern Andes: correlation with experimentally heated quartz and feldspar. Sedimentary Geol 231(1–2):31–40.	Supports impact
Mahaney, W.C.; Kalm, V.; Krinsley, D.H.; Tricart, P.; Schwartz, S.; Dohm, J.; Kim, K.J.; Kapran, B.; Milner, M.W.; Beukens, R.; Boccia, S.; Hancock, R.G.V.; Hart, K.M.; Kelleher, B., (2010) Evidence from the northwestern Venezuelan Andes for extraterrestrial impact: the black mat enigma. Geomorph 116(1–2):48–57.	Supports impact
Mahaney, W.C.; Krinsley, D.H.; Kalm, V.; Langworthy, Kurt; Ditto, J., (2011b) Notes on the black mat sediment, Mucuñuque catchment, northern Mérida Andes, Venezuela. J Adv Microscop Res 6(3):177–185.	Supports impact
Mahaney, W.C.; Milner, M.W.; Kalm, V.; Dirszowsky, R.W.; Hancock, R.G.V.; Beukens, R.P., (2008) Evidence for a Younger Dryas glacial advance in the Andes of northwestern Venezuela. Geomorphology 96(1):199–211.	Supports impact
Mahaney, W.C.; Somelar, Peeter; Dirszowsky, Randy W.; Kelleher, Brian; Pentlavalli, Prasanna; McLaughlin, Shane; Kulakova, Anna N.; Jordan, Sean; Pulleyblank, Coren; West, Allen; Allen, Christopher C.R., (2016) A microbial link to weathering of postglacial rocks and sediments, Mt. Viso area, Western Alps, demonstrated through analysis of a soil/paleosol bio/chronosequence. J of Geology (in press).	Supports impact
Mahaney, William C.; Krinsley, David; Langworthy, Kurt; Kalm, Volli; Havics, Tony; Hart, Kris M.; Kelleher, Brian P.; Schwartz, Stephane; Tricart, Pierre; Beukens, Roelf, (2011a) Fired glaciofluvial sediment in the northwestern Andes: biotic aspects of the Black Mat. Sedimentary Geol 237(1–2):73–83.	Supports impact
Mahaney,W.C.; Krinsley, D.H.; Kalm, V.; Langworthy, Kurt; Ditto, J., (2011) Notes on the black mat sediment, Mucunuque Catchment, northern Mérida Andes, Venezuela. J Adv Microscop Res. 6(3):177–185.	Supports impact
Marshall W, Head K, Clough R, Fisher A (2011) Exceptional iridium concentrations found at the Allerød-Younger Dryas transition in sediments from Bodmin Moor in southwest England. Paper #2641, XVIII INQUA-Congress, 21-27 July 2011 in Bern, Switzerland.	Supports impact
Mayewski, P.A.; Meeker, L.D.; Whitlow, S.; Twickler, M.S.; Morrison, M.C.; Alley, R.B.; Bloomfield, P.; Taylor, K., (1993) The atmosphere during the Younger Dryas. Science 261(5118):195-197.	Supports impact
Mayewski, Paul A.; Meeker, Loren D.; Twickler, Mark S.; Whitlow, Sallie; Yang, Qinzhao; Lyons, W. Berry; Prentice, Michael., 1997. Major features and forcing of high-latitude northern hemisphere atmospheric circulation using a 110,000-year-long glaciochemical series. J Geophys Res 102, 26345-26366.	Supports impact
Melott A, Thomas BC, Dreschhoff G, Johnson CK (2009) Cometary airbursts and atmospheric chemistry: Tunguska and a candidate Younger Dryas event. Geol 38(4):355–358.	Supports impact
Moore AMT, Hillman GC, Legge AJ (2000) Village on the Euphrates (Oxford Univ Press, New York).	Supports impact
Moore AMT, Kennett DJ. (2013) Cosmic impact, the Younger Dryas, Abu Hureyra, and the inception of agriculture in Western Asia. Eurasian Prehistory, 10, 1–2, 57–66.	Supports impact
Moore CR, Daniel IR, Jr. (2011) Geoarchaeological investigations of stratified sand ridges along the Tar River, North Carolina. North Carolina Archaeology: Three Archaeological Symposia, eds Ewen CR, Whyte T, Davis RPS, Jr. (North Carolina Archaeological Council Publication 30), pp 1–42.	Supports impact
Overholt AC, Melott AL (2013) Cosmogenic nuclide enhancement via deposition from long-period comets as a test of the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. Earth Planet Sci Lett 377–378:55–61.	Supports impact
Petaev MI, Huang S, Jacobsen SB, Zindler A. (2013a) Large Platinum Anomaly in the GISP2 Ice Core: Evidence for a Cataclysm at the Bølling-Allerød/Younger Dryas Boundary? 44th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, The Woodlands, Texas. LPI Contribution No. 1719, 1046.	Supports impact
Redmond BG, Tankersley KB (2011) Species response to the theorized Clovis comet impact at Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Curr Res Pleist 28:141–143.	Supports impact
Redmond BG, Tankersley KB. (2005) Evidence of early Paleoindian bone modification and use at the Sheriden Cave site (33WY252), Wyandot County, Ohio. American Antiquity 70(3):503-526.	Supports impact
Redmond BG, Tankersley KB. (2012) Species response to the theorized Clovis Comet Impact at Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Current Research in the Pleistocene 28:141-143.	Supports impact
Sharma M, Chen C, Jackson BP, Abouchami W. (2009) High resolution Osmium isotopes in deep-sea ferromanganese crusts reveal a large meteorite impact in the Central Pacific at 12 ± 4 ka. American Geophysical Union, Fall Meeting 2009, abstract #PP33B-06.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB (1997) Sheriden: A Clovis Cave site in eastern North America. Geoarcheology 12(6):713–724.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB (1999) Sheriden: A stratified Pleistocene-Holocene cave site in the Great Lakes region of North America. BAR International Series 800:67–75.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB and Landefeld CS (1998) Geochronology of Sheriden Cave, Ohio: The 1997 field season. Curr Res Pleist 15:136–138.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB and Redmond B (1999) Fluoride/radiocarbon dating of late Pleistocene bone from Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Curr Res Pleist 16:107–108.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB and Redmond B (1999) Radiocarbon dating of a projectile point from Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Curr Res Pleist 16:76–77.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB, Ford K, McDonald G, Genheimer R, Hendricks R (1997a) Late Pleistocene archaeology of Sheriden Cave, Wyandot County, Ohio. Curr Res Pleist 14:81–83.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB, Landefeld CS (1998) Geochronology of Sheriden Cave, Ohio: the 1997 field season. Curr Res Pleist 15:136–138.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB, Redmond BG, Grove T. (2001) Radiocarbon Dates Associated with a Single-beveled Bone Projectile Point Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Curr Res Pleist 18:61-63.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB, Sheriden B (1997) A Clovis cave site in eastern North America. Geoarch 12(6):713–724.	Supports impact
Tankersley KB, Sheriden B (1999) A stratified Pleistocene-Holocene cave site in the Great Lakes region of North America. Zooarchaeology of the Pleistocene/Holocene Boundary, ed Driver JC (Archaeopress, Oxford), BAR International Series 800, pp 67–75.	Supports impact
Waters MR, Stafford TW, Jr (2007) Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas. Science 315(5815):1122–1126.	Supports impact
Waters MR, Stafford TW, Jr, Redmond BG, Tankersley KB (2009b) The age of the Paleoindian assemblage at Sheriden Cave, Ohio. Amer Antiq 74(1):107–111.	Supports impact
Wolbach WS (1990) Carbon across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, Ph.D. thesis, The University of Chicago, Illinois.	Supports impact
Wolbach WS, Anders E. (1989) Elemental carbon in sediments - Determination and isotopic analysis in the presence of kerogen Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 53, 1637-1647.	Supports impact
Wolbach WS, Gilmour I, Anders E. (1990) Major Wildfires at the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary, In: Global Catastrophes in Earth History (eds. Sharpton VL, Ward P), Geological Society of America Special Paper 247, 391-400.	Supports impact
Wolbach WS, Lewis RS, Anders E. (1985) Cretaceous Extinctions: Evidence for Wildfires and Search for Meteoritic Material, Science 230, 167-170.	Supports impact
Wolbach WS, Widicus SL, Kyte FT. (2003) A Search for Soot from Global Wildfires in Central Pacific Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary and Other Extinction and Impact Horizon Sediments, Astrobiology 3, 91-97.	Supports impact
Boslough MB, et al. (2012) Arguments and evidence against a Younger Dryas impact event. Climates, Landscapes, and Civilizations, eds Giosan L, Fuller DQ, Nicoll K, Flad RK, Clift PD (Amer Geophys Union, Washington, DC), Geophys Monograph Ser Vol 198, pp 13–26.	Against impact
Daulton T, Pinter N, Scott A (2010) No evidence of nanodiamonds in Younger-Dryas sediments to support an impact event. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(37):16043–16047.	Against impact
Haynes CV, Jr, et al. (2010) The Murray Springs Clovis site, Pleistocene extinction, and the question of extraterrestrial impact. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(9):4010–4015.	Against impact
Holliday V., Surovell T., Johnson E. (2016) A Blind Test of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis. PLoS ONE 11(7): e0155470. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0155470	Against impact
Meltzer DJ, Holliday VT, Cannon MD, Miller DS (2014) Chronological evidence fails to support claim of an isochronous widespread layer of cosmic impact indicators dated to 12,800 years ago. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(21):E2162–E2171.	Against impact
Paquay FS, Goderis S, Ravizza G, Vanhaeck F, Boyd M, Surovell TA, Holliday VT, et al. (2009) Absence of geochemical evidence for an impact event at the Bølling–Allerød/Younger Dryas transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 106(51):21505–21510.	Against impact
Pigati, Jeffrey S.; Latorre, Claudio; Rech, Jason A.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Martínez, Katherine E.; Budahn, James R., 2012. Accumulation of "impact markers" in desert wetlands and implications for the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109(19): 7208-7212.	Against impact
Pinter N, et al. (2011) The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: A requiem. Earth Sci Rev 106:247–264.	Against impact
Scott AC, et al. (2010) Fungus, not comet or catastrophe, accounts for carbonaceous spherules in the Younger Dryas “impact layer.” Geophys Res Lett 37(14):L14302.	Against impact
Surovell, T.A.; Holliday, V.T.; Gingerich, J.A.M.; Ketron, C.; Haynes, C.V.; Hilman, I.; Wagner, D.P.; Johnson, E.; Claeys, P., 2009. An Independent Evaluation of the Younger Dryas Extraterrestrial Impact Hypothesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104: 18155–18158.	Against impact
Tian H, Schryvers D, Claeys P (2011) Nanodiamonds do not provide unique evidence for a Younger Dryas impact. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108(1):40–44.	Against impact
van Hoesel A, et al. (2012) Nanodiamonds and wildfire evidence in the Usselo Horizon postdate the Allerød-Younger Dryas boundary. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(2):7648–7653.	Against impact
van Hoesel A, et al. (2014) The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis: a critical review. Quat Sci Rev 83(1):95–114.	Against impact
Moore C, et al. (2017) Widespread platinum anomaly documented at the Younger Dryas onset in North American sedimentary sequences. Scientific Reports volume 7, Article number: 44031.	Supports impact
Wolbach, et al. (2018) Extraordinary Biomass-Burning Episode and Impact Winter Triggered by the Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact ∼12,800 Years Ago. 1. Ice Cores and Glaciers. Journal of Geology, Vol 126, No. 2.	Supports impact
Wolbach, et al. (2018) Extraordinary Biomass-Burning Episode and Impact Winter Triggered by the Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact ∼12,800 Years Ago. 2. Lake, Marine, and Terrestrial Sediments. Journal of Geology, Vol 126, No. 2.	Supports impact

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Firestone, R.B.; West, A.; Kennett, J.P.; Becker, L.; Bunch, T.E.; Revay, Z.S.; Schultz, P.H.; Belgya, T.; Kennett, D.J.; Erlandson, J.M.; Dickenson, O.J.; Goodyear, A.C.; Harris, R.S.; Howard, G.A.; Kloosterman, J.B.; Lechler, P.; Mayewski, P.A.; Montgomery, J.; Poreda, R.; Darrah, T.; Hee, S.S.Que.; Smith, A.R.; Stich, A.; Topping, W.; Wittke, J.H.; Wolbach, W.S., (2007) Evidence for an extraterrestrial impact 12,900 years ago that contributed to the megafaunal extinctions and the Younger Dryas cooling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 104(41):16016–16021.

Supports impact

Publications about the Younger Dryas Impact Event

Publications Table

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